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‘離開(kāi)’英語(yǔ)的過(guò)去式怎樣寫(xiě)?(如何寫(xiě)出‘離開(kāi)’英語(yǔ)的過(guò)去式?)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第9季:動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞分類(lèi):

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:具有完整意義,可單獨作謂語(yǔ),表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)和品質(zhì)

·不及物動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞后不能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,英語(yǔ)中絕大多數都沒(méi)有分及物或不及物,純不及物動(dòng)詞很少)

Appear出現,arrive到達,come來(lái),go去,run跑,happen發(fā)生,rise升高,stay停留,sit坐,lie躺,stand站立,flow流動(dòng),apologize道歉

·及物動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞后能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,可分為跟單賓語(yǔ),跟雙賓語(yǔ)和跟復合賓語(yǔ)的3種及物動(dòng)詞)

1,跟單賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞:borrow借,enjoy喜歡,put放,worry使擔心,forget忘記,guess猜測,love熱愛(ài),use運用

2,跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞(常借助to和for):offer提供,give給,hand遞,pass遞,pay付款,read讀,return返還,sell賣(mài),show展示,teach教,tell告訴,post郵寄 |buy買(mǎi),choose選擇,draw畫(huà),find發(fā)現,cook做飯,fetch拿來(lái),make制作| do做,play表演,read讀,get得到,sing唱歌,bring帶來(lái)

I returned him the book=Ireturnedthe booktohim

I’ll find you another chance=i’llfindanother chanceforyou

ill get you some tea=illgetyou some teato/foryou

He asked me some questions

I wish you a happy journey

3,跟復合賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞:有些動(dòng)詞只跟賓語(yǔ)意義不完整,賓語(yǔ)后必須再加上補足語(yǔ),來(lái)補充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),狀態(tài)。

We allbelievehimhonestandkind(形容詞或短語(yǔ)作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有drive驅使,find發(fā)現,get使,keep使保持,leave留下,make使,consider認為)

The parentsnamedtheir daughterLily(名詞或短語(yǔ)作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有call叫,appoint任命,make任命)

Mother oftentellsmeto makefriends carefully(to不定式作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有 advise建議,allow允許,ask要求,expect期望,invite邀請,get使,order命令,tell告訴,teach教,remind提醒,warn警告,want想要)

Ibelievewhat you saidto be true(to be+名詞或形容詞作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有 consider認為,feel感覺(jué),find發(fā)現,suppose猜測,prove證明,declare宣布,think認為)

Whatmadeyouthinkof that?/Paul doesnt have tobe made to learn非to不定式作補足語(yǔ),變被動(dòng)要加to;類(lèi)似還有have使,make使,let讓?zhuān)瑂ee看見(jiàn),notice注意到,feel感受到,watch注視,observe觀(guān)察,discover發(fā)現,hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn))

Can youhearsomeoneplayingthe piano next door?(Ving形式作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有see,hear,keep,catch發(fā)現,find,have使,watch注視,observe,discover,get,feel,notice)

I couldntmakemyselfheardby all the listeners(V-ed形式作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有have使,get使,make使,find發(fā)現)

You cankeepthis bookasyour own(as/for...介詞短語(yǔ)作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似好友regard看作,consider認為,use當作...用,keep把...當作)

Can IaskBobin?/Showthe visitorin,Please(副詞作補足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似還有g(shù)et使,find發(fā)現,let讓?zhuān)瑂ee看見(jiàn),order命令,invite邀請)

注意:make作使,使得講時(shí),一般用于make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補結構常用句型有:

Springmakespeoplehappy(多表情感sad,tired,worried或狀態(tài)rich,strong,attractive,ill,nervous等詞)

They all want tomakeJimmonitor(使某人/某物成為...)

His mothermadehim studyhard(使某人/某物做或不做某事)

Tomakehimselfunderstood,he tried to give the talk in simple English(使某人/某事被...)

連系動(dòng)詞:鏈接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)身份,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,成為連系動(dòng)詞,不能單獨作謂語(yǔ),必須和表語(yǔ)連用,構成系表結構

·狀態(tài)連系動(dòng)詞(常用be)

Sheisa good swimmer

·持續連系動(dòng)詞(stand持續,lie保持,keep保持,stay保持,continue繼續,remain保持等)

The wethercontinuedhot after the rain

The housestoodempty for years

·表象連系動(dòng)詞(看起來(lái)seem,appear)

Heseemsto be very angry

·感官連系動(dòng)詞(表人的感覺(jué),look看起來(lái),feel摸起來(lái),taste嘗起來(lái),smell聞起來(lái),sound聽(tīng)起來(lái))

Thelookcool

What foodtastesdilicious?

·表轉變/結果的連系動(dòng)詞(become變得,get變得,grow長(cháng)得,turn變得,go變得,fall變得,prove證明)

Childrenfallasleep easily

The weather isbecomingwarmer and warmer

延續性動(dòng)詞和非延續性動(dòng)詞

·延續性動(dòng)詞:表一種可持續的行為過(guò)程或狀態(tài)

Drink喝,eat吃,fly飛,have有,keep保持,know直到,lie躺,live住,play玩,rain下雨,read讀,run跑,sing唱,sleep睡覺(jué),smoke抽煙,snow下雪,stand站,talk說(shuō),wait等,walk走,wear穿,work工作,write寫(xiě),sit坐

·非延續性動(dòng)詞:表短暫瞬間完成的行為或過(guò)程

Arrive到達,begin開(kāi)始,borrow借,buy買(mǎi),break弄壞,close關(guān)閉,come來(lái),die死,fall落下,go走,hit擊打,jump跳,leave離開(kāi),lose丟失,marry結婚,open打開(kāi),put放,start開(kāi)始,stop停止,join加入

·延續性動(dòng)詞和非延續性動(dòng)詞的用法區別

1,延續性動(dòng)詞可表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)修飾,而非延續性動(dòng)詞不可以

How longcan Ikeepthe book?

They willworkheretill next Friday

2,有時(shí),非延續性動(dòng)詞也能同表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配,但這種狀語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是表示一段時(shí)間內的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

The performance willstart in half an hour

The firebroke out during the night

3,非延續性動(dòng)詞不在while引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)

WhileIcamehome,she was cooking dinner(×)

WhenIcamehome,she was cooking dinner(√)

4,延續性動(dòng)詞表一時(shí)的動(dòng)作時(shí),可以再前面加get/begin to等

When did youget to knowhim?

Theybegan to seethat they had made a serious mistake

5,非延續性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

We havent come herefor ages

The rain hasnt stoppedsince three hours ago

常用的延續性動(dòng)詞和非延續性動(dòng)詞的對照:

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:本身有各種意義,不能單獨作謂語(yǔ),表說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣,情緒或態(tài)度,一般沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數的變化

·Can/could的用法

1,表能力(體力,知識,技能等方面的能力,could表過(guò)去的能力

Canyou play basketball?-no,Icant

注意:

Icould/was able toswim well when i was only six years old(泛指過(guò)去的能力時(shí),could和was able to 通用)

I could hardly understood her Japanse,but Iwas able toread her face(指過(guò)去某時(shí)設法做成某時(shí)不用could)

If you travel in almost any other country in the world,youwillstillbe able touse English(be able to有更多時(shí)態(tài))

2,表推測(意為可能,約=may,could可表過(guò)去+現在的可能性,比can弱,一般can不用于肯定句,could全能)

Whocan/mayit be?It is so late

Itcouldntbe Uncle Wang. He wont be back that time in the evening

3,表請求,允許(can=may,但口語(yǔ)常用can;could不表過(guò)去,只表示委婉地提出請求/想法/建議,回答時(shí)用can)

Youcan/maytake both,if you want

Couldyou tell me the way to the post office?

Can/CouldI ask you a question?-Of course,youcan

·may/might的用法

1,表能力(體力,知識,技能等方面的能力,could表過(guò)去的能力

Canyou play basketball?-no,Icant

注意:

Icould/was able toswim well when i was only six years old(泛指過(guò)去的能力時(shí),could和was able to 通用)

I could hardly understood her Japanse,but Iwas able toread her face(指過(guò)去某時(shí)設法做成某時(shí)不用could)

If you travel in almost any other country in the world,youwillstillbe able touse English(be able to有更多時(shí)態(tài))

2,表推測(意為可能,約=may,could可表過(guò)去+現在的可能性,比can弱,一般can不用于肯定句,could全能)

Whocan/mayit be?It is so late

Itcouldntbe Uncle Wang. He wont be back that time in the evening

3,表請求,允許(can=may,但口語(yǔ)常用can;could不表過(guò)去,只表示委婉地提出請求/想法/建議,回答時(shí)用can)

Youcan/maytake both,if you want

Couldyou tell me the way to the post office?

Can/CouldI ask you a question?-Of course,youcan

·may/might的用法

1,表請求,允許(比can/could更正式,might含試探和猶豫不決,表給與/許可時(shí)一般用may不用might;may not用來(lái)表示拒絕/禁止)

May/MightI have a few words with your manager,please?

I think youmaydrive my car,but be careful

Studentsmay notstay out after midnight

2,表推測(可能性might

Wemaygo camping this Saturday

Petermightphone,if he does,could you ask him to ring later

He may come ormay notcome,im not sure(可能不)

Hecantbelieve your so-called excuse(不可能)

·must/have to的用法:must的否定形式時(shí)must not/mustnt,只有一種時(shí)態(tài),have to有多種時(shí)態(tài),如下:

1,表必須,一定要多指現在或將來(lái),主觀(guān)語(yǔ)氣,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或dont have to

Imustgo now,or I’ll be late主觀(guān)必須

Youmustn’tspeak like that主觀(guān)必須不要

Ihave togo now. My mom is expecting me.客觀(guān)必須

Youdon’t have toget up early客觀(guān)不必須

MustI go with them?-Yes, youmust/ -NO,youneedn’t(Don’t have to也行)

2,表推測(用在肯定句中,非常有把握,否定推測用cant,疑問(wèn)推測用can

Shemusthave some problems.She keeps cring

What do you think this lettercanmean?

Itcantbe Father. He hasnt returned from work

·shall的用法

1,征求意見(jiàn):第一人稱(chēng)/第三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句

ShallI/We/Hewrite on our poster?

2,許諾,命令,警告:第二人稱(chēng)/第三人稱(chēng)的陳述句

You/Heshall be rewarded

3,規則,條令,法律等規定:第三人稱(chēng)的陳述句

The students shall wear school uniforms in the school

·should的用法(約=be supposed to do被期望,本應)

1,責任/義務(wù)

Youshouldbe more careful next time

2,推測(根據一定依據推測按理說(shuō)應該)

Sheshouldpass her final exam

·will/would的用法

1,意愿/自愿/主動(dòng)(提出做某事,will現在,would過(guò)去)

I will/would help you

2,請求(第二人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句,would比will更委婉客氣)

Will/Would you come this way,please?

3,will表規律性的注定會(huì )

Man will die without air

4,習慣/特征(will現在,would過(guò)去,帶有主觀(guān)性總是)

Betty and I may not get to see each other often but wewillalways be best friends

When he was young,hewouldoften swim in this river

5,would like的用法

Iwould likesome cakes我想要些蛋糕

Iwould liketo have a cup of tea我想喝杯茶

I’d likeyou to do your homework now我想讓你現在就做作業(yè)

Would you likesome coffee?-Yes,please/-No,thanks

Would you liketo go out for a walk?-Yes,I’d like to/-I’d like to,but...

·used to的用法

1,基本用法(過(guò)去常常跟動(dòng)詞原形,過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性動(dòng)作,目前已不復存在,側重于過(guò)去與現在對比,used無(wú)人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)變化)

Weused togo there every year我們以往每年都會(huì )去那里

Tina is not what sheused tobe蒂娜已不再是過(guò)去的她了

2,否定句式(didnt use to或used not to)

Shedidnt use to/used not to/usedntto play computer games她過(guò)去不常玩游戲

3,一般疑問(wèn)句式(Did sb use to...?/Used sb to...?)

Didyouuseto/Usedyoutoplay football?

4,反義疑問(wèn)句(用didnt或usednt)

Heused togo out for a walk,didnt/usednt he?-Yes,he did/Yes,he used to(-No,he didn’t/No,he usedn’t to)

5,與be used to do/doing易混淆的對比

Weare used togoing there我們習慣了去那兒(那里有什么神奇的東西讓我能習慣)

Weare used togo there我們被xx利用了去那里

6,had better的用法(勸告/建議,跟動(dòng)詞原形,你最好...,對長(cháng)輩/上級不宜使用)

You’d betterdo so quickly你最好快點(diǎn)去做

You’d better notdo so你最好別這么做

Had I better/Had I better notdo so?我最好這么做/不這么做嗎?

·need的用法

1,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(否定+疑問(wèn)+條件句,疑問(wèn)句肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt)

NeedI tell him everything?-Yes youmust/No,youneedn’t

Youneedn’ttell him everything

2,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(有人稱(chēng)數變化,跟名詞,代詞,to不定式等,否定/疑問(wèn)式和普通動(dòng)詞變化一樣)

Ineedto go to Beijing this morning

Do Ineedto tell him everything?-Yes youneed to/No,youdon’t need to

Heneedsto tell him everything

·dare的用法

1,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(疑問(wèn)/否定/條件句)

Darehe tell him everything?

I’m afraid youdare not/daren’ttell him everything

2,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(有人稱(chēng)數變化,肯定句跟to不定式,否定/疑問(wèn)句可不要to

I suppose hedares totell him everything

Hedoesnt dare(to)tell him everthing

Do youdare(to)tell him everyhing?

助動(dòng)詞(本身沒(méi)有意義,只是幫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞完成某些語(yǔ)法功能,如時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),構成否定句,疑問(wèn)句,簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)等,主要有be/have/do/shall/will等。

·be動(dòng)詞的用法,變化形式如下:

1,+現在分詞=進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

I’m playingan interesting game

Iwas havingdinner when my phone rang

2, +過(guò)去分詞=被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Youare wantedon the phone你的電話(huà)

The workhasalreadybeen finished工作已經(jīng)做完了

·have的用法(+過(guò)去分詞=完成時(shí)態(tài))

Have you ever been to Mexico?

I havent heard from her since she left China

·do的用法(構成否定/疑問(wèn)句,+在動(dòng)詞原形前加強語(yǔ)氣,代替前面出現的動(dòng)詞避免重復)

I like coffee,but my parentsdont

Doyou often drink coffee?-Yes, Ido

Ididntknow you were coming

Shedoesntknow my telephone number

Didyou see the film last night?

Docome tomorrow

Ididstay there for a couple of days

·will/would/shall/should的用法(will/shall一般將來(lái)時(shí),各種人稱(chēng);would/should過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),主要第一人稱(chēng))

We’llmeet at the same place we did last time

Willthe film be played next week?

Some boyswon’tjoin in the get-together tomorrow

They said itwouldbe fine the next day

Perhaps Ishallpay a visit to England this summer

Weshan’tbe coming back today

We thought weshouldnever see you again

·動(dòng)詞的形式(五種:動(dòng)詞原形/一現三單/過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞/現在分詞)

·一般現在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數的構成:

·規則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞的構成(過(guò)去式=>一般過(guò)去式;過(guò)去分詞=>現在完成時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)/被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

注意:動(dòng)詞一般現在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數發(fā)音規律和名詞復數形式發(fā)音規律一致;動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞發(fā)音規律為:1,再清輔音后發(fā)/ t/,如helped/helpt/,finished/?f?n??t/,stopped/st?pt/ 2,元音/濁輔音后讀/d/,如stayed/ste?d/,agreed/??ɡri?d/,planned/pl?nd/; 3,輔音/ t//d/后讀/id/,如wanted/?w?nt?d/,needed/?ni:d?d/

·現在分詞的構成(主要用在進(jìn)行時(shí)/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(由2個(gè)或以上的詞一起構成的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)==一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,稱(chēng)為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

·動(dòng)詞+副詞

1,有的相當于不及物動(dòng)詞,不帶賓語(yǔ)

Break out爆發(fā),break up分解,come up出現,fall behind落后,get along進(jìn)展,get up起床,give in 屈服,grow up長(cháng)大,hold on等一會(huì )兒,pass away去世,run out用光,start off出發(fā),watch out當心,go back回去,go ahead開(kāi)始干

1,有的相當于及物動(dòng)詞,要帶賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞放中間,名詞/短語(yǔ)無(wú)所謂)

Find out查明,get in收割莊稼,hold up支撐,put off推遲,put on穿上,put out撲滅

Put up建造,pick up撿起,turn off關(guān)閉,turn down調低,turn in上交,turn up出現,work out計算出,throw away扔掉,look through翻查

·動(dòng)詞+介詞(相當于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ))

Break into闖入,care for照顧,come across偶然發(fā)現,laugh at嘲笑,look after照顧,look into調查,look for尋找,stand for代表,wait for等候

·動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

Get away from擺脫,get along with相處融洽,get through to與...通話(huà),keep away from遠離,look forward to期盼,run out of用光

·動(dòng)詞+名詞

Make the bed鋪床,make faces做鬼臉,lose heart灰心,lose interest失去興趣,lose weight減肥,take care當心,take exercise鍛煉,take place發(fā)生,make sense有意義

·動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

Make friends with與...交朋友,make fun of取笑,make room for為...騰出地方,make use of利用,take care of照顧,take part in參加

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